Cell-free DNA, measured as donor-derived cell-free DNA is developed as a non-specific
biomarker for allograft injury and transplant rejection. However, cell-free DNA characteristics
are more specific, its fragment length, nucleotide content, and composition, as well as the
tissue source of origin, are intrinsically linked to the underlying disease pathogenesis,
showing distinct features in acute cellular rejection and antibody-mediated rejection for
example. Further, cell-free DNA and cell-free mitochondrial DNA can directly trigger tissue …