AKI is a common clinical condition associated with the risk of developing CKD and ESKD.
Sepsis is the leading cause of AKI in the intensive care unit (ICU) and accounts for nearly
half of all AKI events. Patients with AKI who require dialysis have an unacceptably high
mortality rate of 60%–80%. During sepsis, endothelial activation, increased microvascular
permeability, changes in regional blood flow distribution with resulting areas of
hypoperfusion, and hypoxemia can lead to AKI. No effective drugs to prevent or treat human …